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Why does a patient need a breath test ?
This test is carried out to verify if the patient can properly absorb a specific sugar; in some cases, the body cannot digest sugars like lactose or fructose. The test measures a byproduct of sugar breakdown (hydrogen and methane, in gas phase) in the breath. If the sugar is not absorbed correctly, gut bacteria ferment it, producing hydrogen/methane as a byproduct. Under normal circumstances, there is little to no hydrogen and methane in the breath. This will remain unchanged if the sugar is absorbed in the intestine.
What does the test involve ?
Some preparation is required before the test. This preparation involves discontinuing certain medications and fasting. Prior to taking the sample, the patient must drink a high-sugar solution. After drinking the solution, the patient must exhale into a tube with a straw. The patient needs to repeat the same procedure for the next three hours.