Drugs of abuse testing involves the detection and identification of illicit substances or prescription medications used inappropriately. Common substances tested include cannabinoids (THC), opioids (such as heroin and prescription painkillers), stimulants (like cocaine and methamphetamine), and central nervous system depressants (such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates).

The testing methods typically involve collecting biological specimens such as urine, blood, saliva, or hair, and analyzing them using techniques like chromatography (GC or LC), and mass spectrometry. Chromatography and mass spectrometry offer confirmatory testing with high specificity and sensitivity. The results of drug testing are used to assess substance use, monitor compliance with treatment or probation requirements. Effective drugs of abuse testing programs play a critical role in promoting safety, deterring substance misuse, and supporting public health initiatives aimed at reducing drug-related harm.