The primary goal of newborn screening is to detect conditions that can lead to severe health problems, developmental delays, or even death if not treated early. Typically, a few drops of blood are taken from the newborn within the first 24 to 48 hours of life and analyzed for a panel of disorders. These may include phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease, among others. Early detection through newborn screening enables prompt intervention, which can significantly improve outcomes and prevent the onset of serious complications.

The process of newborn screening also encompasses confirmatory testing, genetic counseling, and follow-up care. If an initial screening result is abnormal, additional tests are conducted to confirm the diagnosis. By integrating newborn screening into routine postnatal care, healthcare systems can provide a critical safety net that promotes the long-term health and well-being of children, enabling them to lead healthier lives with fewer medical complications.