Biogenic amines have several key functions in the body. They act as neurotransmitters, with serotonin and dopamine being prime examples that influence mood, arousal, and cognition. Additionally, they regulate various physiological processes; for instance, histamine plays a role in immune responses and gastric acid secretion. Some biogenic amines, like norepinephrine and epinephrine, also function as hormones, regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

While biogenic amines are crucial for normal bodily functions, high levels can lead to adverse effects. For example, excessive histamine can cause allergic reactions and food poisoning, and imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are associated with psychiatric disorders. Thus, maintaining appropriate levels is essential for health.